Carbon
Applying scientific expertise to capture, utilize, and store carbon
Quick facts
- Our carbon research focuses on technologies to prevent emissions, capture carbon dioxide, and transform it into value-added products.
- Expertise in materials science and engineering allows us to understand material properties and design optimal materials and devices for carbon capture and conversion.
- We are exploring ways to improve the development process for scalable and cost-effective carbon technologies.
Our carbon portfolio focuses on isolating and leveraging carbon byproducts of various industrial sectors through capture, storage, and conversion techniques. At LLNL, our materials scientists and engineers work at the forefront of designing technologies, materials, and processes that cross-cut multiple carbon pathways, including:
- Conversion of carbon feedstocks into useful products like chemicals and fuels
- Carbon capture, separation, and purification from industrial point sources
- Integrated carbon capture and conversion for process intensification and improved efficiency
Our researchers are involved across the spectrum of research and development activities, from fundamental science to design, development, and scale-up to implementation.
We leverage onsite expertise in a variety of areas—materials science, adsorption and reaction phenomena, multiphysics and multiscale modeling, chemical engineering, and advanced manufacturing—to improve technology performance and readiness in this area.
Research focus areas
Our research activities concentrate on four main areas:
We study:
- The chemistry and physics of materials used in carbon capture from all sources
- Materials for efficient isolation, separation, and purification of carbon byproducts
- Fundamental challenges in the durability of materials in carbon-rich environments
We use atomistic models to predict and understand the properties of new materials, which we then synthesize and test experimentally. Our testing leverages commercial and custom lab-to-bench scale adsorption and characterization equipment housed at LLNL.
We also leverage LLNL’s additive manufacturing (3D printing) capabilities to design, print, and test novel absorber packings. These packings help to both improve mass transfer in carbon capture solvents as well as scale up and validate new structured materials for low-energy carbon dioxide capture.
Carbon dioxide can be recycled or reused rather than released as waste. In this area, our research focuses on using diverse energy sources to convert carbon dioxide into versatile chemicals and fuels. Specifically, we study electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into high-volume commodity chemicals like carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene.
Our expertise in advanced manufacturing allows us to design new electrochemical reactors to control mass transport, achieving superior catalytic performance, activity, and selectivity.
Our research efforts also extend into new territories, which include:
- Strategies to combine carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide conversion, and/or biomass valorization to understand new reaction pathways
- Understanding the potential cost and energy savings from process intensification through approaches like reactive capture
Expertise in adsorption and interfacial phenomena, catalysis, and surface science make up the core of our investigations in carbon. Guided by atomistic modeling, continuum-scale models, process design, and technoeconomic analysis, we develop novel materials and synthesize approaches to engineer catalytic interfaces and intrinsic material properties of interest.
Our work leverages advanced characterization tools such as:
- Gas adsorption, porosimetry, and electron microscopy
- In situ and operando vibrational, synchrotron x-ray, neutron, electronic, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scattering techniques
These capabilities help us understand material properties and develop structure-property-performance relationships, which we in turn apply to designing higher performing and more durable materials for carbon upgrading and capture.
Carbon technologies need quick, at-scale distribution to have the largest impact possible. However, long development pathways—with multiple avenues where technologies may fail—make it difficult to quickly move from conception to commercialization.
Our work, which is directed by process modeling, technoeconomic analysis, and systems contexts, aims to accelerate the development pathway for carbon technologies. To do this, we use multiphysics and multiscale modeling to produce optimal reactor and component topologies that can be printed using advanced manufacturing methods and tested for superior performance compared to conventional designs.

Cross-cutting research
Our carbon portfolio crosscuts other work in degradation science. In this area, we rely on a combination of advanced quantum simulations and experimental materials synthesis and characterization to:
- Study the degradation mechanisms of soft matter, catalysts, and reactors used for capturing and converting carbon dioxide
- Apply fundamental insights to co-design materials and systems with improved lifetime and performance
Our work demonstrates how subtle chemical changes in materials can make materials last longer, offering potential cost savings for carbon capture technologies.